Indic Thought Model-2
Duration of Program
60 Hours
Credits: 4
L-T-P Ratio: 3-0-1
Hours: 60
Course designer: Prof. Nagaraj Paturi
Objectives
- To introduce learners to the ontology, metaphysics, epistemology and semiotics in the Vyakarana Indic thought system
Outcome
- Pursuit of linguistics as a discipline can be a personal introspective endeavour to experience the relation between the self and the world
- Understanding of reality / universe as a language (shabda-brahman)
- Understanding of all knowledge as linguistic
- Universal applicability of language analysis in Vakyapadiiyam
- Vaakyapadiiyam as the book providing the linguistic theory behind ashtadhyayi
- Contemporary applications of ideas such as sphota, pratibhaa, sadhana/karaka from vaakyapadiiyam
Paninian (VyaakaraNa) system
I. ashTAdhyAyI , cause of its fame as ‘an intellectual monument’:
1. Pre-modern fame; modern fame after the advent of linguistics:
Use of concepts of s’ikshaa, ashTAdhyAyI, etc. in linguistics for a universalist study of ‘language’ as a phenomenon, in studying general features of language; Application of Sandhi, etc. to different languages beyond Samskrit
2. As a marvel of grammaticography (grammar writing methodology):
Techne Grammatike to linguistics brings the west towards vyaakaraNa
Noam Chomsky, TG Grammar: Rule order, Generative and Transformational rules and Lexicon; Comparison with Panini’s rules, rule application order for siddhi (generation?); dhaatupaaTha, gaNapaaTha, their comparison with Lexicon
Fillmore’s Case Grammar; Panini’s kAraka system; Kripasky and Staal: Comparison with Panini’s system of sthaani-vibhakti-kAraka-kArakArtha
Formal systems, context-sensitive grammars, etc; new understanding about ashTAdhyAyI; computational lingistics and newer understanding of ashTAdhyAyI
II. Fame of Bhartrihari and his Vakyapadiyam, independent of ashTAdhyAyI’s fame:
- Ferdenand De Sassaure, influence of Panini and Bhartrihari on him
- Sphota and its fame in modern world as Bhartrihari’s own theory
- Recognition of the influence of Bhartrihari on Dhvani of Anandavardhana and Abhinavagupta’s thought in all the areas of his versatility (including Tantra)
III. Connections between Vakyapadiyam and Ashtadhyayi:
- Division of Paniniyan tradition into prakriyA (derivational) and aarthika (semantic) books: mahAbhAshya as the combination of the two; separation of the two into grammar and philosophy (spirituality / metaphysics / Vedanta of the grammarians)
- Bhartrihari’s own assertion of the inseparability, missing the attention of scholars in both traditional and modern studies; Bhartrihari’s own narration of the lineage of his book from sangraha; mahAbhAshya as the sutra by sutra application of the ‘philosophy’ (discipline – specific logical paths) his book as extraction, ’preservation’ and exposition of the ‘philosophy’ (discipline – specific logical paths) breaking the sutra-wise expression of the same in mahAbhAshya
- (Nagaraj Paturi’s) proofs for the inseparability: samarthah padavidhih; explanation for nirdhAraNa as apAdAna, etc.
- Search for ‘theoretical foundations’ of ashTAdhyAyI; grammar of a specific language or application of universally applicable theory of language? Kripasky and Staal: claims indicating an underlying theory – Cardona’s contradiction; (Nagaraj Paturi’s) ‘discovery’ of the ‘theoretical foundations’ of ashTAdhyAyI in vAkyapadIyam or (Nagaraj Paturi’s) rediscovery of vAkyapadIyam as the book of ‘theoretical foundations’ of ashTAdhyAyI
- (Nagaraj Paturi’s) Chomskian explanation for the relation between of ashTAdhyAyI in vAkyapadIyam as continuation of previously identified parallels between AA and Chomsky;
Chomskian adequacies: vAkyapaDiyam as the explanatory theory behind the observational and descriptive work of ashTAdhyAyI
Rationalist / naturalist epistemology and LAD in vAkyapadIyam; pratibhA (innate ‘creativity’) of VP and Chomsky’s ideas; pratibhA-bhAvanA-Agama relation in vAkyapadIyam; itikartavyatA of mImAmsakas, Hari’s rationalist twist (2-146 to 2-152)
I. Introduction to vAkyapadIyam, its structure and organization:
The three kAnDas and their interconnection: Later kAnDas as detailing of the earlier ones
II. vyAkaraNa (VP) thought model-1:
Positions of vAkyapadIyam vis-à-vis nyAya – mImAmsA on the one hand and Vedanta on the other
- s’abda – artha relation: Various positions
- abhihitAnvaya – anvitAbhidhAna of mImAmsA: Position of VP
- nityatva and anityatva of s’abda
- vis-à-vis Vedanta: Asannam brahmaNas tatra
III. vyAkaraNa (VP) thought model -2
vAkyapadIyam on its own:
- vAkyArtha as the ultimate reality: pada-varNa, etc. as the concepts for convenience of understanding; prakriti-pratyaya division as the concepts for analytical (grammarian’s ) vyAkraNa (vivichyapradars’ana) convenience, vyavahArah padAs’rayah, that’s why AA generates padas
- Various understandings of ‘sentence – meaning’ (2-116 to 2-145)
- sampratyayArtha/bauddhaartha (concept / cognitive meaning) and bAhyArtha (entity) division of bAhyArtha (entity) into sadartha (actual / real) and asadartha (imagined / imaginary) 2-441
- Cognitive processes of conceiving reality as (a) whole (s) and parts, cognitive process of division of (external) ‘reality’ into entities and superimposition of concepts onto entities
- Theories of iconicity (form-meaning inseparability) ‘abhijalpam’ (2-127) and the arbitrary relationship between form and meaning (2-428 -436 etc.)
- ApoddhAra (splitting at various levels), anvayavyatireka analysis technique of words
- Tools of comprehension: 24 nyAyas (2-77 -83): prasanga etc. More nyAyas (2-84-87): prasajyapratishEdha, paryudAsa, gauNa, vyApti, guru-laghu, angAngi, bahudhAvikalpa, niyama, yogyatA, bheda, padArthavibhAga
- Divisions of the signified: avaAntara vAkya (2-76), dhAtvartha vyApAra-phala, etc
- PadakANDa: jAti, dravya, etc. contrast with nyAya-vais’Eshika
- SAdhana: kAraka